“To construct SR-Latch using NOR Gate & To Verify its Different States”
“To construct SR-Latch using NOR Gate & To Verify its
Different States”
1. Objective:
The main objective is to design and verify the different states of
i.
SR Latch
using NOR Gate
2. Components:
i.
Bread
Board
ii.
Connecting
Wires
iii.
LED
iv.
Battery
v.
IC for
NOR Gate
3. Introduction:
3.1.Bread Board:
A
bread board is an electronic board into which the electrical components like
diodes and resistors are placed. The sockets of bread board are sturdy and
rugged. Diodes or other electrical components should be placed without making
any damage to the board.
3.2.Integrated Circuits:
A circuit of transistors, resistors, and capacitors constructed on a single semiconductor wafer or chip, in which the components areinterconnected to perform a given function. IC’s consume very little current, generate comparatively
little heat, and are far more shock-proof and reliable than the older
discrete-component circuits.
An integrated circuit consists of a number of circuit components (e.g. transistors, diodes, resistors
etc.) and them inter connections in a single small package to perform a
complete electronic function. These components are formed and connected within
a small chip of semiconductor material. IC’s can be used as advanced logic
gates.
3.3.Light Emitting Diodes:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible
light when an electric current passes through it. LED’s
convert electrical energy to light energy. In electronics, polarity indicates whether a circuit component is symmetric or not.
Being diodes, will only allow current to flow in one direction. And when
there’s no current-flow, there’s no light. The positive side of the LED is
called the “anode” and is marked by having a longer
“lead,” or leg. The other, negative side of the LED is called the “cathode.”
3.4.SR-Latch:
A latch
is a fundamental component of data storage. A single latch can hold 1-bit of data,
increase that number by many orders of
magnitude and can create kilo, mega, giga, even terabytes of memory. Of course,
like most digital circuits, latches are made out of digital logic gates.
There are two controllable inputs: reset (R) and set (S), which produce the two
outputs: Q and Q(“Q-not”). That’s where the SR latch
get’s its name it’s a set/reset latch.
The SR latch comes with a
rule, which cannot ever be broken: Q must always be the
opposite of Q. These outputs are called complements. Here we made SR-Latch using following way:
3.4.1. SR-Latch
using NOR gate:
To create an S-R latch, we can wire two NOR gates in
such a way that the output of one feeds back to the input of another, and vice
versa,
S
|
R
|
Q
|
 |
State
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
Reset
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
Invalid
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
No Change
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Set
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
No
Change
|
The Q and Q not outputs are supposed to be in opposite
states. Here making both the S and R inputs equal to 1 results in both Q and Q
not being 0. For this reason, having both S and R equal to 1 is called an invalid or illegal state for the S-R Latch using NOR Gate.
Otherwise, making S=1 and R=0 “sets” the Latch so that Q=1 and Q not =0.
Conversely, making R=1 and S=0 “resets” the Latch in the opposite state. When S
and R are both equal to 0, the Latch’s outputs 7in their prior states. This is
the No Change State. By definition, a condition of Q=1 and Q not=0 is set.
A condition of Q=0 and Q not=1 is reset. These terms are universal in
describing the output states of any Latch circuit. The different states for
this SR-Latch are given below:
4. Circuit Diagram:
5. Experimentation:
1. First of all, suitable IC for NOR gate is
chosen, i.e. IC 7402.
2. Inserted IC on the bread board.
3. As there are 14 pins on IC, 7th
pin is grounded and a positive potential is applied to the 14th pin
via a battery of potential less than 5V.
4. First Input of first NOR is given the input
with battery and its second input is given to the output of second NOR gate.
5. First Input of second NOR is given to the
output of first NOR gate, while its second input is connected with the battery.
6. First LED is inserted on bread board with its
positive terminal connected to the output
of first NOR gate and negative signal is
given to the other terminal. Similarly Second LED is inserted on bread board
with its positive terminal connected to the output of second NOR gate and
negative signal is given to the other terminal.
7. Then one by one checked all the five possible
combination of S and R so as to verify the different states of SR-Latch. Table
is verified and drawn.
6. Observations & Calculations:
The different states for SR-Latch using NOR is given below:
S
|
R
|
Q
|
Q0
|
State
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
Reset
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
Invalid
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
No
Change
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Set
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
No
Change
|
7. Results & Discussion:
We have designed SR-Latch using NOR Gates and the different states are
verified. We can deduce some main points from this. In the case of NOR gate
SR-Latch invalid state occur when both S & R are 1. In NOR gate
configuration 0,0 correspond to No Change State.
8. Conclusion:
Through this experiment we have designed SR-Latch using NOR Gate and its
states are verified.
9. References:
I.
http://logic.ly/lessons/nor-gate/
V.
http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/61530/how-to-understand-the-sr-latch
Comments
Post a Comment